Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: PSCA-directed nanosized bio-immune conjugates (NANO:BICs) enable selective uptake of TLR9 agonists in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1739618

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence labeled cells of the cell line SW780 and channels of separately stained components (top) and merged image (bottom). For visualization of cell nuclei DAPI-staining was used. The DAPI fluorescent stain was detected in the blue channel at 457 nm. The fluorescent label FITC was used in conjugation with the ODN as a labeled NANO:BICs component and detected in the green channel at 488 nm. WGA was used to label cell membranes and detected in the red channel at 647 nm.

Article Snippet: The BCa cell line SW780 (ATCC), derived from a grade 1 BCa, with endogenous expression of PSCA was cultured in DMEM complemented with 4.5 g/l glucose supplemented with 10% v/v heat-inactivated FBS ( ).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Labeling, Staining, Conjugation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: PSCA-directed nanosized bio-immune conjugates (NANO:BICs) enable selective uptake of TLR9 agonists in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1739618

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of the NANO:BICs and ODN in different treatments of the SW780 cell line. The cells were seeded in an 8-well culture slide at a cell number of 8750 cells per well. After 72 h incubation in an incubator at 37 °C, the cells were incubated with fluorescently labeled NANO:BICs or ODN. 24 h after the start of stimulation, the cells were fixed. Cell components were stained after fixation and microscoped together with the stained NANO:BICs. The graph measures the integrated density (IntDen) per cell as a quantitative metric used to assess fluorescence intensity. This indicated the level of the fluorescent marker FITC in each cell as the intensity measured over the area of the cells in an image was divided by the number of cells present in this image for standardization. N = 20; MW ± SD; For all analyses, a two-tailed test was performed, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the figure, brackets are used to denote the specific groups being compared. The corresponding p-value thresholds are indicated above the brackets using the following convention: p ≤ 0.001 (***); and p ≤ 0.0001 (****).

Article Snippet: The BCa cell line SW780 (ATCC), derived from a grade 1 BCa, with endogenous expression of PSCA was cultured in DMEM complemented with 4.5 g/l glucose supplemented with 10% v/v heat-inactivated FBS ( ).

Techniques: Incubation, Labeling, Staining, Fluorescence, Marker, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression of the receptor subunits IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNLR1 and IL10RB in SW780 and RT4 cells. RNA was isolated from the individual cell lines, reverse-transcribed into cDNA and then analysed for expression of the IFN RS by qPCR. The expression levels of the individual RS were normalised to the geometric mean of the reference genes TBP and HPRT1

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Reverse Transcription

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of stimulation with 2.5–250,000 pg/ml IFN-α2, -β and -λ1 over 24 h on the cell viability of the RT4 and SW790 cell lines. The viability measurements were performed for 60 min for the RT4 cells and 120 min after addition of WST-1 for the SW780 cells. The respective MW of the measurements after stimulation were related to the negative control to calculate the percentage change. The significance was then calculated using the Mann–Whitney-U test,p > 0.05 (n = 9, 3 trials with triplicates), ± SD

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Negative Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Caspase-3/7 assay for the detection of apoptosis by stimulation of SW780 cells with 25,000 pg/ml IFN-α2, -β, -λ1 and cycloheximide for 24 h and 72 h. Green Object Count / Red Object Count [%] to calculate the proportion of apoptotic cells (green) to cell nuclei (red), ± SD. Cells stimulated with IFN and cycloheximide were compared with non-stimulated cells (n. c.). **: significant, ns: not significant

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap of n-fold expression of the ISGs IFIT1, IFIT2, IRF9, ISG15, MX1 and IFI44 after 4 h and 24 h in the BLCA cell lines SW780 and RT4. The cells were stimulated with 2.5–250,000 pg/ml IFN-α2, -β and -λ1. The stimulated samples were normalised to unstimulated samples ( n = 3). RNA was isolated from the individual cell lines, transcribed into cDNA and then expression analysis was performed by qPCR. The expression levels of the individual ISGs were normalised to the geometric mean of the reference genes TBP and HPRT1. The mean value was then calculated from n = 3

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Example western blot analysis of STAT1 and pSTAT1 in SW780 and RT4 cells after 24 h with calculation of the relative phosphoprotein concentration. Additional western blot analysis of IRF9 was done after 24 h. SW780 and RT4 cells were harvested after 24 h stimulation with 25,000 pg/ml IFN-α2, -β and -λ1, lysed and Western blot labeled with antibodies against a STAT1, b pSTAT1, c IRF9 and (a, b, c) histone H3 and detected via HRP-coupled secondary antibodies. The protein bands were analysed densitometrically and the pSTAT1 and STAT1 protein fraction was normalised to the histone H3 fraction. A ratio was then formed from the normalised pSTAT1 and STAT1 phosphoprotein content to calculate the relative protein content: d (pSTAT1/Histone H3) / (STAT1/Histone H3)

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Labeling

Journal: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

Article Title: Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells

doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06409-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Luciferase reporter assay to measure the activation of the IFN-sensitive response element (ISRE). Luciferase activity was measured in the SW780 cell line after 24 h stimulation with 25,000 pg/ml IFN-α2, -β and-λ1 ( n = 4, SD). Relative luciferase activity was calculated by normalising NanoLuc® luciferase activity to Firefly luciferase activity. The pEGFP vector served only as a control for transfection efficiency, but did not induce ISRE

Article Snippet: SW780 cells (ATCC, CRL-2169) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) complete with 4.5 g/l glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, all Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Transfection